Why Aren’t More Cities Embracing PRT?
个人快速交通(PRT)是一种创新的交通系统,有可能满足按需和个性化的交通需求. 随着我们越来越认识到交通对城市的影响, 为什么没有更多的城市将PRT作为满足其交通需求的可行解决方案?
PRT vehicles 从本质上讲,自动驾驶的列车是否可以根据要求,24小时不间断地将个人或小团体直接运送到目的地. 吊舱在相互连接的轨道上运行,并根据服务区域的特点提供小型和大型电路的可达性. PRT吊舱可以运输货物,也非常适合残疾人使用. Importantly, 它们由电动机驱动,在车站停车时充电,这意味着它们非常节能.
Perhaps the most notable of PRT in action is at West Virginia University. Here, 自1975年以来,该系统以具有竞争力的价格有效地将学生转移到丘陵校园周围. PRT对学生是免费的,普通大众只需要50美分. 伦敦希思罗机场也有一个可靠的PRT系统,但规模要小得多. LHR系统为旅客在机场航站楼和停车场之间提供了一个平稳的过渡. The service is open around the clock, 它拥有99%的可靠性,平均等待时间不到10秒. Despite these extraordinarily successful examples, there are only three other PRT systems in place today.
So why isn’t PRT more prevalent in today’s urban areas? Like any public transit system, PRT has its drawbacks. In general, 这些缺点似乎更多地与实施的成本和政治有关,而不是来自系统本身设计的缺陷. Because there is little precedent for PRT in the world today, the work required for technical feasibility studies, tailored design, 与成熟的公共交通形式相比,技术开发和导轨设计既昂贵又耗时. 缺乏现有的关于无障碍的许可和法规, safety, and financing also pose as a barrier. 这又是一项耗时耗力的任务. 在城市和郊区,已经有压倒性的需求,没有足够的员工或资金, the execution of this novel system may not be realistic.
With these challenges in mind, PRT利用了运输市场中尚未实现的机会, 在私家车和公共交通系统的优势之间取得良好的平衡. Private vehicles, though more flexible, and efficient than most public transit options, are not exempt from flaws. They are expensive and inequitable, 除了造成巨大的能源浪费外,它们还造成了交通和拥堵. Public transit, 虽然比私家车更公平,更可持续, often lacks in time efficiency, service frequency, and reach in terms of first/last mile accessibility. PRT是所有这些问题的答案,同时也保持了两个现有系统的优势, offering time efficiency, privacy, a sense of agency, around-the-clock availability and overall flexibility of use.
似乎在prt中有相当多的未开发潜力,可以以环保和公平的方式解决我们城市内外的“最后一英里”问题. 也许公共交通机构应该进一步调查这个系统,以便了解和权衡它的许多好处和潜在的障碍.
Rachael Alberts is studying Urban Studies & 加州大学圣地亚哥分校的规划和认知科学. She is a Transportation Planning Intern at IBI Group San Diego, 并希望毕业后能从事交通规划领域的工作.
Lead image by Ildar Sagdejev.